You wake up with a runny nose, discomfort, and pain around your eyes, especially near your nose. You might even have a headache in your ears. Are you wondering if it’s just a cold or a nasal infection?
A cold can sometimes lead to sinus infections because they both stem from similar issues. Bacteria can also cause sinus infections. It’s important to know the difference, as explained by Melinda Cooling, a healthcare executive.
Sinus infections, or sinusitis, happen when the air-filled spaces in your face, called sinuses, become swollen with fluid. This swelling blocks the flow of mucus, which can lead to bacterial growth and infection.
Common causes include:
– Allergies
– Smoking
– Structural issues with the sinuses
– Recent colds
Symptoms of sinusitis often include:
– A cold or runny nose lasting more than 7-10 days
– Persistent throat issues due to nasal problems
– Headaches
– Facial pain
– Bad breath
– Cough
– Fever
– Swollen throat
– Eye swelling, especially in the morning
Many sinus infections caused by viruses will clear up on their own without antibiotics. It’s important not to use antibiotics unless necessary, as they can have side effects and lead to resistance. Bacterial infections might need antibiotics.
Your healthcare provider might suggest over-the-counter medications to manage symptoms and monitor your condition. These could include:
– Saline nasal spray
– Decongestants
– Pain relievers like acetaminophen or ibuprofen
– Warm compresses on your forehead and nose to relieve pressure
Seek medical help if you have severe symptoms like a bad headache or facial pain, if symptoms worsen after getting better, if they last more than 10 days without improvement, or if you have a fever for more than three to four days.
Sinus infections caused by viruses can be contagious, like colds. It’s important to practice good hygiene: wash your hands, cough into your elbow, and disinfect common surfaces. Keep your distance from others while you’re contagious.
Prevention is key. Stay healthy by drinking plenty of fluids, getting enough rest, reducing stress, and washing your hands. Vaccinations, like the flu shot, can help. Avoid smoking and secondhand smoke, and stay away from people with respiratory illnesses.
The duration of symptoms can help determine the cause and whether it’s contagious. Viral sinus infections can last 7-10 days, meaning you could be contagious for up to two weeks. If symptoms last more than 10 days or improve but then return, you might have a sinus infection that isn’t spreading. Bacterial sinus infections are rare, making up less than 2% of cases.
To prevent spreading the illness, use nasal sprays, eat spicy foods, or drink hot beverages like tea with lemon and honey to clear mucus. Over-the-counter treatments like Vicks Vaporub can help with congestion. If these don’t work, consider antibiotics to shorten the illness and reduce the risk of spreading it. Always wash your hands after using nasal sprays to avoid spreading germs.
